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===Culture growth===

===Culture growth===

''Mycoplasma hominis'', a microorganism without a cell wall, is difficult to detect because it cannot be identified through Gram staining.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=K. L. |last2=Looke |first2=D. F. M. |date=October 2008 |title=Successful treatment of post-neurosurgical intracranial Mycoplasma hominis infection using gatifloxacin |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18708262 |journal=The Journal of Infection |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=344–346 |doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2008.06.022 |issn=1532-2742 |pmid=18708262}}</ref> Culturing it is demanding and time-consuming due to specialized requirements and while direct DNA testing is an option, it's not always highly sensitive, and not all labs possess its capabilities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Waites |first=Ken B. |last2=Schelonka |first2=Robert L. |last3=Xiao |first3=Li |last4=Grigsby |first4=Peta L. |last5=Novy |first5=Miles J. |date=August 2009 |title=Congenital and opportunistic infections: Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19109084 |journal=Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=190–199 |doi=10.1016/j.siny.2008.11.009 |issn=1878-0946 |pmid=19109084}}</ref> This likely leads to underreporting of M. hominis infections, causing delayed diagnosis and less favorable treatment outcomes<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henao-Martínez |first=Andrés F. |last2=Young |first2=Heather |last3=Nardi-Korver |first3=Johanna Jacoba Loes |last4=Burman |first4=William |date=2012-08-22 |title=Mycoplasma hominis brain abscess presenting after a head trauma: a case report |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22913832 |journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports |volume=6 |pages=253 |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-6-253 |doi-access=free|issn=1752-1947 |pmc=3459716 |pmid=22913832}}</ref> Cells of ''M. hominis'' prepared from batch cultures show uniform exponential growth and appear to divide through the process of binary fission with pleomorphic forms appearing upon further incubation.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Robertson|first1=J.|last2=Gomersall|first2=M.|last3=Gill|first3=P.|date=November 1975|title=Mycoplasma hominis: growth, reproduction, and isolation of small viable cells|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=124|issue=2|pages=1007–1018|doi=10.1128/JB.124.2.1007-1018.1975|issn=0021-9193|pmc=235991|pmid=1102522}}</ref> Similar behavior was demonstrated by another laboratory-adapted strain and by three other clinical isolates, making this seem characteristic of the species.<ref name=":3" /> ''M. hominis'' grows in a variety of defined laboratory media, such as arginine broth and can also be cultivated in water.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ball|first1=H. J.|last2=Neill|first2=S. D.|last3=Reid|first3=L. R.|date=January 1982|title=Use of arginine aminopeptidase activity in characterization of arginine-utilizing mycoplasmas|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=15|issue=1|pages=28–34|doi=10.1128/JCM.15.1.28-34.1982|issn=0095-1137|pmc=272017|pmid=6764773}}</ref> Growth in this species, as well as most species of ''Mycoplasma'', is driven by anaerobic respiration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kradin |first=Richard |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801304-5.00009-5 |title=Understanding pulmonary pathology |publisher=[[Academic press~~|Elsevier~~]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-12-801304-5 |pages=172 |chapter=Pulmonary infection}}</ref>

''Mycoplasma hominis'', a microorganism without a cell wall, is difficult to detect because it cannot be identified through Gram staining.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=K. L. |last2=Looke |first2=D. F. M. |date=October 2008 |title=Successful treatment of post-neurosurgical intracranial Mycoplasma hominis infection using gatifloxacin |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18708262 |journal=The Journal of Infection |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=344–346 |doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2008.06.022 |issn=1532-2742 |pmid=18708262}}</ref> Culturing it is demanding and time-consuming due to specialized requirements and while direct DNA testing is an option, it's not always highly sensitive, and not all labs possess its capabilities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Waites |first=Ken B. |last2=Schelonka |first2=Robert L. |last3=Xiao |first3=Li |last4=Grigsby |first4=Peta L. |last5=Novy |first5=Miles J. |date=August 2009 |title=Congenital and opportunistic infections: Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19109084 |journal=Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=190–199 |doi=10.1016/j.siny.2008.11.009 |issn=1878-0946 |pmid=19109084}}</ref> This likely leads to underreporting of M. hominis infections, causing delayed diagnosis and less favorable treatment outcomes<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henao-Martínez |first=Andrés F. |last2=Young |first2=Heather |last3=Nardi-Korver |first3=Johanna Jacoba Loes |last4=Burman |first4=William |date=2012-08-22 |title=Mycoplasma hominis brain abscess presenting after a head trauma: a case report |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22913832 |journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports |volume=6 |pages=253 |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-6-253 |doi-access=free|issn=1752-1947 |pmc=3459716 |pmid=22913832}}</ref> Cells of ''M. hominis'' prepared from batch cultures show uniform exponential growth and appear to divide through the process of binary fission with pleomorphic forms appearing upon further incubation.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Robertson|first1=J.|last2=Gomersall|first2=M.|last3=Gill|first3=P.|date=November 1975|title=Mycoplasma hominis: growth, reproduction, and isolation of small viable cells|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=124|issue=2|pages=1007–1018|doi=10.1128/JB.124.2.1007-1018.1975|issn=0021-9193|pmc=235991|pmid=1102522}}</ref> Similar behavior was demonstrated by another laboratory-adapted strain and by three other clinical isolates, making this seem characteristic of the species.<ref name=":3" /> ''M. hominis'' grows in a variety of defined laboratory media, such as arginine broth and can also be cultivated in water.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ball|first1=H. J.|last2=Neill|first2=S. D.|last3=Reid|first3=L. R.|date=January 1982|title=Use of arginine aminopeptidase activity in characterization of arginine-utilizing mycoplasmas|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=15|issue=1|pages=28–34|doi=10.1128/JCM.15.1.28-34.1982|issn=0095-1137|pmc=272017|pmid=6764773}}</ref> Growth in this species, as well as most species of ''Mycoplasma'', is driven by anaerobic respiration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kradin |first=Richard |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801304-5.00009-5 |title=Understanding pulmonary pathology |publisher=[[Elsevier|Academic press]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-12-801304-5 |pages=172 |chapter=Pulmonary infection}}</ref>

==Role in disease==

==Role in disease==

Mycoplasma hominis

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